A standard, cumulative list regarding get across-fitness was calculated for each and every combination of maternal forest and you may pollen donor, predicated on adult fresh fruit put, vegetables germination, and you can survivorship and you can development of seedlings. Each variety, mixed-design analysis regarding difference was utilized to evaluate the effects of crossing medication (repaired effect; that have maternal tree included as the a haphazard impression) to your portion of give-pollinated flowers setting mature fruits, cost out-of seeds germination and seedling survivorship, seedling size from the 1 year, and you can cumulative physical fitness. Numerous activities was basically checked-out playing with ANOVA: (a) including every service, (b) leaving out imbalanced solutions, allowing evaluation from telecommunications terms, (c) minus selfing procedures (just like the maternal trees was mostly or entirely self-incompatible), and you may (d) group all of the in this-Sinharaja outcrossing service to evaluate the result out-of inside- versus. between-forest crossing. The end result of crossing range on each factor is actually then examined having fun with linear or quadratic regression data, with regards to the shape of the relationship. Lastly, for each maternal tree, the effects out of nearest-next-door neighbor and you may enough time-point mating were estimated due to indicator away from biparental inbreeding despair and you may outbreeding despair, respectively, voglio recensione sito incontri popolari based on collective physical fitness viewpoints.
Syzygium rubicundum
Fruit abortion was heavy for all trees, resulting in low fruit set (range across treatments: 2.0–9.7%; Fig. 2a). The timing of abortion was not discernable across treatments. Self-compatibility was low, but variable, across maternal trees (Fig. 2a). Flowers used for tests of apomixis (N = 360) and autogamy (N = 582) failed to set fruit. All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect and significant maternal tree effect, but no significant interaction between treatment and maternal tree (Tables 2A and 3A). For all three trees, the percentage of experimental flowers setting mature fruit showed a consistent increase with crossing distance, followed by a severe decline in fruit set with the distant between-forest treatment (Fig. 2a). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was nearly identical for the three maternal trees and significant with or without the self-pollinated treatment included in the model (quadratic regression model: arcsine square-root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; results without self-pollinated treatment: F2,57 = 8.25, P < 0.0007, R 2 = 0.47). Peak mean fruit set occurred at a crossing distance of 1–2 km (distant within-forest treatment) and was 1.7–4.7 times greater than mean fruit set rates for other hand-pollination treatments, averaged across maternal trees. Mean fruit set rate for the distant within-forest treatment was significantly greater than those for all treatments except distant-neighbor and open-pollinated, but consistently exceeded fruit set of open-pollinated flowers (Fig. 2a).
Shorea cordifolia
Fruit set was also low for Sh. cordifolia (range across treatments: 0–5.3%; Fig. 2b). Again, the timing of fruit abortion was not discernable among treatments. Selfed and distant between-forest treatments resulted in 0% and <1% fruit set, respectively. Fruit set from the intermediate-distance cross-pollinations varied across maternal trees, but with one exception (nearest-neighbor treatment at Tree number 1) indicated optimal fruit set at an outcrossing range of ?2 km (distant neighbor treatment; Fig. 2b). All analyses of variance in fruit set revealed a highly significant treatment effect, but no maternal tree effect (Tables 2B and 3B). The relationship between crossing distance and fruit set was significant only when the selfed treatment was excluded (quadratic regression model: arcsin square root [fruit set] = crossing distance [km] + crossing distance 2 ; Fdos,57 = 5.71, P < 0.006, R 2 = 0.41). At each maternal tree, fruit set rate for open-pollinated flowers was greater than that for all hand-cross treatments, suggesting that some aspect of the hand-pollination procedure (e.g., flower handling, bagging) caused reduced fruit set in Sh. cordifolia.
